pivotal [ PIV-uh'-tl ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. of crucial importance 2. like a hinge or serving as a hinge | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The Finance Minister played a pivotal role in the shaping of the economy.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | During debates over pivotal issues, tempers have flared often. CNN, Commentary: Why the shock about Joe Wilson? Julian E. Zelizer, 14 September 2009 | | poncho [ PON-choh ] | | [ noun ] | | MEANING : | | 1. a square or rectangular piece of cloth with a hole in the centre for the head- used as a cloak | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | She adjusted her poncho before swinging onto the back of her horse.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | As I entered company after company, each promising slight variations of alternate treks for drastically different prices, I nearly hung up my poncho and headed home. CNN, So you missed the Inca Trail? A guide to alternate treks, Rachel Barth, 28 May 2008. | | premature [ pree-muh'-CHOO'R ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. happening before its due time 2. Born before the gestation period is completed | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The premature birth of the twins concerned the doctors as the babies were underweight. | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | In their second innings, Sri Lanka had reached 157 for two with Jayawardene unbeaten on 23 when heavy rain brought play to a premature end with 11.4 overs left to bowl. CNN, Sangakkara puts Sri Lanka in total control, 28 August 2009 | | propagation [ prop-uh'-GEY-shuh'n ] | | [ noun ] | | MEANING : | | 1. the act of spreading 2. the increase in number by natural reproduction | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Some clerics who are concerned about the propagation of their faith encourage non-believers to embrace the faith.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The propagation of this set of fake data shows once again the power of the internet to distribute and amplify information, said the People's Daily, in an apparent justification of China's internet censorship. The Telegraph, China denies claim that Communist Party offspring make up 90pc of multi-millionaires, Malcolm Moore, 7 August 2009 | | pucker [ PUHK-er ] | | [ noun, intransitive verb, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (tr. v.)to purse 2. (tr. v.) to draw together into small creases 3. (intr. v.) to become wrinkled 4. (n.) a wrinkle or crease | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The child puckered her lips and gave a loud flying kiss to the departing guests. | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Bill Clinton moves in with hands and puckered lips to kiss his wife Hillary. The Telegraph, Hillary Clinton kisses Barack Obama instead of husband Bill, Toby Harnden, 6 November 2009 | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | | |
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